Biodigester Up and Running

The biodigester tube is fat with GAS !!

Eureka !! It works. Flame from the bio-gas

Gas storage bag inside the house is full, too

This week started off kinda slow – everyone in town seemed to be recovering from New Year’s celebrations. This provided a good opportunity to research some pending projects. I got some local quotes on chlorine injector pumps for the water committee (JASS) in La Quebrada and found some excellent alert horns for the tsunami warning system for the beach areas. These units are totally self-contained (solar powered) and can be activated via cell phone – perfect (albeit expensive) for this application. Also bought materials and parts for the bio-digester, did calculations on flow rate, volume, etc for the upcoming disinfection, cleaning and chlorination of a water system, wrote my questionnaire for the dreaded Community Diagnostic and worked with Will on drawings for my new Cocinas Construction Manual.

Also, a good time to enjoy “Mango Madness”. The price of local mangos has dropped noticeably recently. More and more vendors are plying the streets, hawking the delicious treats. “Dos kilos, tres soles” is the cry, which translates to about 25 cents (US) per pound. Needless to say, I’m eating a lot. I heard a rumor from another PCV that eating more than 4 a day (these are nice big fat ones, BTW) can cause some allergic reaction. I plan to fully test that theory, as I know of no fruit (except maybe a REALLY ripe peach) that is more delicious.

Wednesday, it was back to the beach bio-digester, was nicely filled and cooking up methane like crazy. Gas line was almost completed and the big gas storage bladder should be filling up soon. Tested some of the effluent, which was surprisingly non-odorous, but I’m guessing it still needs some “cooking” time. We also got the new “greenhouse” clear plastic cover installed (photos in FB Peru album), which will add heat and speed to the digestion process.

Questionnaire for my Community Diagnostic survey complete, I rode out on my new Trek Alpha (lovely, sturdy and light mountain bike provided by Peace Corps) to begin interviews in one of the San Luis “annexes” called Laura Caller. The ‘burb is named for a “crusading and tenacious labor lawyer”, who defended many of the Shining Path revolutionaries back in the 80’s. The area has its own water system, which is largely unmaintained and no sewer system. Most folks have flush toilets, which drain directly into the open irrigation canal that runs through town or just dump bed-pans into the ditch or other open area. There are even a couple of public toilets which are built directly over the canal. The canal is thankfully covered as it flows past San Luis, but then is open again as it flows merrily out to the Don Oscar beach area (where I work) and on into the ocean.

My first interview lasted over 2 hours. Lesson learned is NOT to interview folks who have nothing else to do and want to gripe about everything that the local government is doing (or not doing). She also wanted me to meet her single daughter and insisted that I stay for a little lunch. After that, my interview style got less cordial and more business-like.

One thing that came across clearly (besides the desire for a proper sewer) was the high incidence of diabetes, which is becoming an epidemic problem in Peru

(see: http://www.peruviantimes.com/05/poor-eating-habits-cost-peru-8-billion-per-year-official/14631/ ),

as it is in the US. One look in the average tienda (convenience store) will tell the story. While a certain amount of shelf space is given over to soap and staples, the vast majority of products are junk food and soda – LOTS of sodas. Most popular is the ubiquitous Inca Kola (product of Coca-Cola) in the ultra big gulp 3 litre bottle. Frito-Lay is well represented with all the usual US choices of puffed air/corn. The ones I enjoy from time to time are the camote (sweet potato) chips – colorful and delicious. The home-roasted peanuts that my “sweet little old lady” friend Cristina sells on the corner are also top-rated.

But, I digress. I visited to the local health clinic proved interesting. Of all the conditions treated there last year, “vaginal fluid discharge” topped the list – no wonder the Corps doctors advised against sex with locals. I’m a little curious why this is the top problem here. Second on the list is diarrhea (almost exclusively in 1-3 yr olds), followed by a host of other intestinal disorders, including giardia. After that, comes sexually transmitted disease (including HIV), tuberculosis and skin infections.

One of the biggest challenges that we face in Peru, is changing the mindset and attitude about the water-borne diseases. So many adults here feel that these diseases are “rights of passage” that everyone goes through as children, since the adults seem to develop resistance and are largely unaffected. The malnutrition and arrested development that the illnesses can cause are evident and preventable, but like littering (don’t even get me started on that one), are just considered normal.

So, this will be my routine for a while – 3 S’s (shit,shower,shave, stretch), have my egg (or avocado or cheese) sandwich and OJ, ride out to the ‘burbs and interview the good folks with my battery of questions. These will then be compiled, along with some other local information into a “Community Diagnostic”, which report is a requirement of my first 3 months of PC service. Quite frankly, I feel my time could be better spent pursuing the long list of potential projects already at hand. But, the Corps, like any good bureaucracy, has its rules, which must be followed. Not to mention the monthly reports and other nuisance paperwork.

Did I mention how much I like my new bike ?? I do. A LOT. It’s a Trek Alpha 3700 mountain bike – all aluminum frame. Slickest bicycle I’ve even ridden. Gear shifts are digital and smooth as silk. It’s also the only clean bike in this Land that Maintenance Forgot. Hopefully, the “good example” technique will result in at least a few other clean and lubricated bikes out there.

Strange customs: I had lunch at a new “menu” restaurant. It was great and I had a couple of 10 centimo coins (4 cents US), which aren’t good for much of anything, so I left them as a “tip”, which is rare here except in touristy places. I got about a block away and the nice lady came running up to me, out of breath, explaining how I had dropped 20 centimos on the table. It took an inordinate amount of convincing and complimenting to get her to keep them, which she eventually did, shaking her head in puzzlement. That’s a long way to go to return 8 cents. On the other hand, shop owners and taxi drivers think nothing of jacking the price to a Gringo and express no remorse when called out on it. Go Figger…..

Early this (Saturday) morning, I was off, aboard my trusty new bike to explore some of the outlying areas of San Luis, which are not generally accessible by combi route. First stop was San Pedro, a small village of about 10 to 15 families, depending on whose count you believe. They all get their water from a common well, which is pumped around to the shacks. Some of the “CARE” eco-banos that I hope to rehab are there. Sadly (or cleverly), they were all built next to an irrigation canal. Several have been converted from composting toilet to pour-flush toilet dumping straight into the canal. So much for that plan.

Next I rode up to the ancient ruins nearby. My route was lined with beautiful old eucalyptus and cedar trees. The Huaranga is in bloom and cast a sweet scent over the area. The ancients seemed to like the high ground, which is nice, unless you need to carry water up the hill all day. Some of the ruins are quite intact, with 5 ft high doorways leading into small chambers. The construction seems to be adobe. But this adobe must have been much higher quality than is used today and the blocks are enormous – I’m guessing 4x6x2 ft – no telling how much they weigh. Will return with camera soon.

I rode by the site of a corn-shucking machine and was struck by how truly amazing the US harvesting combines are. In one pass, they cut the stalk, remove the ears, remove the kernels from the ears and blow clean corn kernels into a waiting truck. Here, the stalks are cut by machete, then left to dry. Next group of workers comes in, pulls ears from the stalks and loads them into sacks. Another crew will come by later and load the stalks and hual them out to the dairies for cattle food. Sacks are loaded onto trucks and moved to drying areas, where the ears are shucked and left to dry, with an overnight “guard” watching over the harvest. Finally, a guy comes by with a machine that strips off the kernels and blows them into sacks, which then will go to a mill. Of course, the massive combines are too expensive and are designed for huge acreages, not the small, irregular sized fields around here. And labor is ridiculous cheap ( between $5 and $10 PER DAY).

Celebration

Peruvians love yellow undies for NYE

I didn't have the heart to tell her she was looking at the wrong size

The week long “anniversary” celebration of is finally over. The street vendors have all packed up and moved on to another town near Ica that is celebrating this week. And tranquility has once again been restored to my delightful little town. Actually, it’s not exactly little; latest census figures put it at about 5,400 population. Another 5,500 live in the four largest annexes and another 1,200 in the smaller nine annexes. As I’ve discovered in doing my field interviews this week, those numbers are tricky, since many folks report “living” here, but spend most of their time working elsewhere.

I’ve been doing field interviews and bano surveys in the Don Oscar, San Pedro, Las Palmas and Vista Alegre annex areas, where are located the 124 eco-banos I hope to rehab. These composting toilets were beautifully constructed by the British NGO “CARE” about 2 ½

years ago. The bases are poured concrete of high quality and the structures are built of a “Hardy Board” type material, a compressed concrete/fiber material, used in the States as backing for tile in bathrooms. Sadly, only about 20% (which is actually higher than I’d anticipated) are still in use. The biggest problems seem to be lack of education on how to properly use the units and rust (most of these units are within 200 yds of the ocean). Many of the unused units are simply full; and the folks either didn’t understand that the composted fecal material had to be removed or couldn’t open the access doors, because the bolts securing it had rusted solid. Many others fell out of service when the door was either removed and used for other construction or fell off when the two cheesy hinges rusted through. A minor inconvenience is that there were no handles built on the doors, just a (again cheesy) slide bolt, most of which have rusted out, so the doors in use are mostly propped shut with an adobe block. Others have simply been stripped to use the hardy board, roofing and plastic tubes for other building.

While there is good quality water from the EMAPA company in Canete, many folks simply can’t afford the $4/month cost and get their water from open, shallow wells. I’m guessing this is not great water to drink, although most say they boil anything they drink. Many were given a low-tech ceramic filter by an NGO, but these have fallen into dis-use, since the ceramic filter plugs up over time. The users were not told how or where to get replacements. So, here looks like another project for me. Hopefully, I can get new filters for them. Even better (and crazier) idea is to start manufacturing the replacement filters right here. We’ve got the local clay and rice husks, and I’ve located a brick kiln up by Cerro Azul where they could be fired. Now all I need is a form, hydraulic jack to pressure pack the molds, some colloidal silver to kill microbes, and some elbow grease. Thinking in the large, we might even start a cottage industry to manufacture replacement filters for other areas. But, the logistics of that are daunting. Or maybe, just get some sponsorship money and buy ‘em.

Other data on illnesses, fuel use, recycling, trash disposal, religion, and demographics will be compiled and presented in my PC required “Community Diagnostic”, due in March.

In the middle of all the gritty interviews, I took a trip to another world in Lima. Vivian Fort-Brescia *79 and sister of my Princeton classmate Bernardo hosted a dinner for the five Princeton students who are participating in the Bridge Year program. These young folks have delayed their freshman year, to serve in rural Urubamba, Peru in programs very similar to Peace Corps. Their lovely program director and guide, was in fact a former PC Volunteer (RPCV & APCD -Guatemala in PC speak) and modeled their service program accordingly. Some of their programs are the same as mine: cocinas mejoradas (improved cook stoves), ceramic water filters, eco-banos, etc. As might be expected, this is an extraordinary group of very bright and highly motivated pre-college students. I applaud their service and life experience gained will certainly serve them well at Princeton. In an age when so many young people seem to be focused on maximum personal gain, here are some of the best and brightest, looking outward and acting generously. For me, it was also a quick visit to another planet, just 140km from Canete. Vivian’s home is right out of Architectural Digest (literally). Manicured grounds surround a pool and fountains wrapped around a glass and wood structure of her own design of comfort and 20 ft ceilings. The food was extraordinary – fish, avocados stuffed with seafood salad, asparagus and mango sorbet - and I enjoyed my first drink with ice cubes since coming to Peru. More information on the Bridge Year program and blogs from the students can be found at:

http://www.princeton.edu/bridgeyear/program-sites/peru/

While the visit was incredibly enjoyable and a complete change of venue and pace, it did bring home the enormous income and life-style gap that exists here in Peru. Wealthy Limonians live in the opulence of America’s top 2%. Swimming pools, fountains, polished marble, SUVs and works of art everywhere. White jacketed servants, manicured grounds and well-policed streets. Security is HIGH and electrified wire, iron spikes and armed private security guards defend all residences. My accounts of living conditions in Don Oscar – well water, no septic and subsistence farming seemed quite a shock. The only part of San Luis any of them had seen was the famous “El Piloto” restaurant on the Pan Am, an expensive and exclusive dining spot for Lima residents travelling to their beach homes to the south. I’m sure the same can be said for upper class New Yorkers, who drive past the ghettos enroute to the Hamptons.

I’ve added some handlebar extensions to my beloved bike at the suggestion of my Bike Guru, PCV “Obi” Ben Masters. His passion for the craft and common-sense approach may just change the archaic and inefficient Peace Corps bike policy here. He is also writing a bicycle repair and maintenance manual for Volunteers. Another example of our PC tribe’s diversity and willingness to jump in and cooperate. The extensions are an amazing addition, offering a host of hand/arm positions and making my ride even more comfortable and enjoyable.

Still frustrated by the lack of supervision and attention for the three small ones living here. They are left alone all day to watch TV and run/ ride scooters up and down the hallway. At lunch-time today, I showed them the art of crafting paper airplanes. Even scrap paper is a treat for these kids. I wish I had more time for them. Hopefully, I can get some kind of childrens’ park going here, so they can escape the home confinement. Kids are like dogs – they NEED to get out and play and roll in the grass. Not that there is much grass around here to roll in. Fortunately, the oldest girl Camila (8), is really bright, responsible and full of joy. She keeps her devilish little brothers in line and entertained with songs and play ideas. They appropriately call her “Mamita” (little mother). I’ve finally figured out the 6 yr old’s speech pattern – he pronounces every hard consonant as “T”. That info and a little imagination, makes him somewhat intelligible. Camila translates in prefect Spanish, when needed.

When I ride in the “combi” minivans, I always take the front seat next to the driver, if that space if available. First of all, it is THE most comfortable seat on the bus and always affords good access to an open window. Most Peruvians shun ventilation while travelling, while my inner dog loves the breeze. The front seat also offers access to the driver. Drivers are often more talkative than the average Peruvian. Today, I got a very talkative driver. He was curious about why I was living here, so I explained the Peace Corps projects and how I wanted folks to see the “kinder-gentler” side of Americans. When the conductor wanted to collect my fare, the driver waived him off and told me “Thank You for coming to help”. I was touched.

As usual, photos of the week’s activity can be found at:

http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2311898848958.121881.1593993286&type=3&l=11b63b7701

Navidad & To-Do List

Finally, a relatively easy, quiet week for me. Christmas came and went practically unnoticed here in San Luis Obispo de Tolosa de Canete. Most birthday parties here are a bigger deal. I caught a head-cold from my host buddy Fernando. He, of course, said that the open window and fan in my room were the cause, not germs. Enjoyed three more small earthquakes (tremblores) this week– 4.4, epicenter just 30 miles away – (a 5 second foot massage, as they say in SoCal.), a small 4.1 just off-shore and a 5.1 about 80 miles away near Ica.

One small event that caught my attention: I was walking in the town Plaza next to a woman and her? child, chatting about the unusual weather – it was (very lightly) raining. We both had plastic bags – mine from a most excellent 2 egg “pancito” sandwich, with onion and just a touch of aji – to discard. She threw hers on the ground and I quickly tossed mine in the trash can that was right next to us. Before I could go back for hers, the little kid ran back, retrieved the errant bag and slam-dunked it into the trash bin, as we shared a big smile and thumbs-up. Our new team then proceeded to pick up 4 more nearby bits of trash. Next time I see that kid, he gets a candy. Lesson learned : NEVER underestimate the power of your example to change the world – even a little.

San Luis is just the kind of town I enjoy – small enough so EVERYBODY exchanges greetings in the streets and shops, the streets are safe, with few stray dogs and folks always seem to have time to answer my Gringo questions about town history. Yet large enough to serve my physical needs 90% of the time. For the other 10%, I need only go about 5 minutes to San Vicente or another 10 minutes to Imperial, the later being only for rare items, as it is dirty, rude and full of hustles for the tourists headed up to Lunahuana, a nearby summer tourist spot for entertainment and rafting.

Another bit of Peruvian culture: I went to the main Canete market area, which is an enormous collection of small (15x15ft) stalls all clumped together in rows. Out front were a half dozen vendors with huge displays of……..bright yellow underwear, in all shapes and sizes. Also, lots of other vendors hawking all manner of New Year’s Eve party favors – all yellow. Seems that yellow is the traditional Peruvian color for luck in the new year. And wearing yellow underwear is thought to work best. Further on the NYE theme – “celebrations” seem to have already started here. There were several drunk men on the combis and in Canete. Why have just one bacchanalian night, when you can have two days??

Mostly, I prepared for a meeting with the Mayor and town council where I presented my official credentials and discussed which of a list of possible projects might be of interest. Also did a bunch of online research (Gracias a Dios por el Sr. Google – pronounced goog-lay) on public warning horn systems, chlorine injection pumps, tsunami history in Peru, native tree varieties, etc.

This is my project “to do” list (so far):

PROJECTS of possible cooperation – District of San Luis

Cuerpo de Paz Peru – Lic Gregorio Plimpton, Voluntario

1) Completion of Bio-digester #1 in Don Oscar

Only the gas lines are not connected. Also, cooperate with the municipality to locate a suitable site for Unit #2. The future site should be better accessible, so that it might better serve as a demonstration site to encourage more future installations of these systems.

2) Completetion of 6 of 18 cocinas mejoradas in Don Oscar

Prioritize and set locations, acquire some materials. In addition, volunteer intends to expand on the good work of the previous volunteer by conducting charlas for local brick builders, so that they might construct more cocinas as needed. Volunteer also hopes to construct “commercial” cocinas mejoradas in appropriate locations, such as Commedores Populares or Vaso de Leche. Some small funding may be needed to accomplish this.

3) Encuesta and Community Diagnostic report

Assess what annex (s) and information would be useful. Design appropriate Encuesta, carry out survey and write report.

4) Survey and Rehabilitate Eco-Banos in Don Oscar/Sta Barbara

Approximately 128 Eco-Banos were constructed in the beach area by a British ONG. Due to poor design and lack of education, very few are still in use. Volunteer proposes to survey the units, rehabilitate them and re-educate the users in their proper use. Some small materials may be needed. Possible sponsor : Gloria milk co-op.

5) Continued support for vivero (tree nursery) operation in San Luis

The previous volunteer, in cooperation with the municipality, helped establish a tree nursery in the community stadium, along with a compost and worm farm. Volunteer intends to support this project and incorporate trees which are salt/drought tolerant and require little water, as well as medicinal plants of the area, with the kind and continued support of the municipality.

Volunteer also will conduct charlas with local schools on the subjects of compost, tree reforestation and home gardening.

6) Tree planting program in San Luis sidewalks and beach area

A previous tree planting program in sidewalks of San Luis and the beach area was unsuccessful because of planting a non-native tree. Volunteer intends to investigate which tree variety (s) might be more appropriate to this area. There is a new government program to encourage planting desert hardy tree varieties (Huarango) which might provide trees and/or funding for such a project.

7) Prevention education about HIV / AIDS

         In view of the relatively high rate of this disease in the San Luis

area, volunteer intends to work with the Heath Post in conducting educational charlas and programs at various times throughout his service. This might include the “Pasos Adelante” program developed by Peace Corps Peru volunteers and includes segments on sexuality, pregnancy, drug & alcohol abuse and other sexually transmitted diseases.

8) Prevention / mitigation education about Tuberculosis

Similarly, volunteer is aware of a high incidence of tuberculosis, especially in the “hill” area of San Luis. Again, working with the Health Post to education the effected populations in prevention and mitigation of this disease.

9) JASS / Water system improvements

Previous volunteer has done good work with many of the local small water systems (the major water system in San Luis is well established and functions well) regarding proper system maintenance, cleaning, chlorination and disinfection. Volunteer intends to continue and expand this work in the following annexes:

a)   La Quebrada – work with well-established JASS on new water system maintenance and injection chlorination techniques

b)   Vista Alegre – work with ONG “CARITAS” to assist in operation of this (non-functioning) system

c)    Laura Caller – Attempt to organize a JASS, to provide regular disinfection and chlorination of the system

d)   Los Olivos – same situation as Laura Caller – needs JASS organization and training

10) Garbage Dump and service

Garbage disposal methods in the San Luis area contributes to air and water pollution. Volunteer would be pleased to provide information and assistance to the municipality to plan for a new garbage dump facility (sanitary landfill). In addition, there are many annexes which have no garbage service at this time. Plans could be made to provide storage facilities in these areas (Don Oscar, Vista Alegre, Villa Hermosa, Los Olivos, San Antonio, San Pablo.)

11) Water Sample project

Volunteer will continue to work with the Health Post in the collection and analysis of water samples to ensure proper water quality in the area.

12) Tsunami education and evacuation plan

Volunteer intends to work with the Civil Defense of Peru to establish a tsunami education, warning system and evacuation plan for the low-lying beach areas in the District of San Luis.

13) Children’s Parks

         Volunteer notes that there are very few parks for young

children in the area, with facilities for climbing, swinging and other forms of healthy outdoor play. Volunteers in other areas of Peru have successfully constructed such play areas, using recycled and other durable materials. Volunteer would be pleased to work with the municipality to find suitable sites and develop them. Some “Kids-to-Kids” funding may be available for such a project.

14) San Luis to La Quebrada and Imperial Combi Route

Volunteer notes that there is no combi service on the road between  San Luis and La Quebrada. Service on that route would provide residents faster and more direct access to the shopping and other services provided in Imperial. Volunteer would be pleased to work with the municipalities of San Luis and La Quebrada in petitioning for or establishing such routes with the appropriate combi cooperatives.

15) Water Filter manufacture

Volunteer is aware of a ceramic water filter design that has been used by several ONGs in Peru. These can be of benefit to residents in areas such as Don Oscar and other beach areas where no water system is available to assure healthy drinking water. These filters could be produced locally for very little cost if a suitable kiln could be found.

16) Presupeusto Participativo

Volunteer has been trained in the PP government funding system which could provide funding for major public works projects in the San Luis municipality and/or district. Volunteer would be pleased to work with the municipality in evaluating and proposing projects in the PP system.

17) Septic tank systems in San Pablo and San Antonio areas      

The volunteer has experience in the construction of septic tank systems and would be pleased to investigate the possibility and feasibility of septic systems in these areas where sewer lines are unavailable.

So, that’s what I’m looking at for the coming months work here. Lots “to do”, but ALL of it stuff I’m enthusiastic about. But, enough about work.

I attended the “2^nd funeral” service for the family patriarch, who died a year ago. They do a mass, a lunch, another mass, more food and a party for the guy, not to mention moving his remains to a new mausoleum. Maybe such devotion would be better spent on the living?

Some random notes:

Many, if not most, Peruvian women are….well…..chubby. This is accentuated by their insistence on wearing skin-tight jeans, which only squeezes the chubbiness elsewhere. Maybe they should just cut down on the huge quantities of soda and sweets ??

I’ve noticed that folks here “hunker-down” over their food, when eating. This posture, combined with generally short stature, places the diner’s face about 6” from the food. I tried it and discovered that it does shorten the distance between plate and mouth and, most certainly, increases the intensity of food aromas. That said, the voice of my grandmother jolted me back upright; elbows off the table.

Cell phone use and dis-courtesy here is worse than in the States. It is considered completely normal to answer a phone ANY time, ANY where. God forbid they ever be switched off. Even at the “2^nd funeral”, in the middle of mass, folks jumped up to answer phones. Cell phone service is really cheap (I pay about $8/month for unlimited calling to other Movistar users), so just about everyone has one. Many carry two – one for each of the major carriers here. While I do appreciate the convenience factor, the world needs to adopt some form of “cellular-civility”, least we become captive to the technology.

Observations

Fernando & I built a new entry for the biodigester

Another completed Cocina

Completed installation of biodigester and greenhouse hoops

Inflating the biodigester bag

                                                                    Completed two more of the improve cook stoves this week. Turns out that I’m a pretty fair brick/adobe mason. I’ve watched some good ones at work and the osmosis thing took over. There is an art to getting the adobe mud just right – like a big tub of chocolate pudding. The worst is when I get rocks in the barro. Unlike most Volunteers, who use hands, I prefer to sling and smooth mud with a trowel. While I do marvel at the brilliance of the human hand (and there are times when nothing else will do), my Grandfather taught me well that the right tool makes the job easier and better. I don’t get the “Peace Corps Rustic” look, but the locals like my smooth.

 Also, got the new entrance to the bio-digester set up. Chevo can now mix the pig shit soup in the 55 gal drum and dump it in, instead of dealing with the 5 gal buckets. The thing is slowly filling up – he only does 50 gallons a day and the tube holds well over 1,000 gals. Hoping the thing gets going and produces some good fertilizer (and methane) to use with compost from the eco-banos, compost from the Town’s compost pile, for good starter soil for the tree planting projects – Synergy in action.

More about eating in Peru : Most Peruvians don’t eat much breakfast. Usually just a couple of bread rolls with a sweet sugar spread or a nasty black sausage (that I don’t even want to remember the name of). My morning habit, on the way to the field/beach, is to stop for a big glass of fresh squeezed OJ and a bread roll with tortilla and onion slices for filling. Or sometimes fresh cheese and avocado. BTW, tortilla here is a fried  egg / potato / mixed veggie batter, which gets nice and crispy on the edges and tastes just fine. Another morning favorite is the baked potato, stuffed with bits of chicken and veggies – for 18 cents, it can’t be beat. An extra “pancito” and a plastic tube of home-roasted peanut for snacks, my trusty water bottle and I’m good for a day’s work.

Lunch is the big meal of the day, usually eaten about 1 or 2pm. There are some order-from-menu restaurants, but the most popular is the “Menu” (pronounced Men –oooo). Here, they serve soup, a main course and a drink for about $1.75 US. Soup comes to the table instantly, at which point the second is selected – there are usually just one or two choices. It is served well before soup is finished and beverage – usually fruit juice with water and sugar added – comes at the end. Everything is home cooked and so far, I’ve yet to find a meal I didn’t like. Today’s soup was “Minestrone”, but not the Italian version. This was a creamy, cheesy broth, with noodles and mixed vegetables. The second (there was no choice) was a beet/pea/lima bean and onion salad, with rice and a nice piece of fried fish. These folks got McDonald’s beat – faster service, better food and cheaper prices.

The “eating club” (no, nothing like Cottage or Ivy at Princeton) is another lunchtime option. There are usually a few in each town. The members pay 90 US cents per day. It is BYO plate, bowl and flatware. The places are a little shabby and frequented mostly by single, older, poorer men. There is just one item on the menu, but you do get a good meal for very cheap.

Dinner is usually just leftover lunch and eaten around 8pm. My program is to bring my Tupper, eat just half of lunch – the portions are huge – and have the rest (with an avocado, mango or figs) around 6pm. This has cured my bedtime acid-tummy and may have contributed to my recent 6 kg weight loss. Though, I credit manual labor at the beach for most of that. I’ve had the made a new hole in my belts, as well.

Mail service in Peru is provided by Serpost, which is by no means the equivalent of the good old US Postal Service. There is no home delivery, except “Special Delivery”, which costs about $9 and is rarely used. They are only in larger towns – some PC volunteers have to go hours just to get mail. Even in those towns, few people have P.O. boxes (Carilla Postal), though there is a Peace Corps box in San Vicente, where I get mail, to wit:

RGP, C.P. # 43, Serpost San Vicente de Canete, Lima, PERU

(any and all care packages greatfully accepted)

BTW, my cell is : 01-51-979-584-896 (incoming calls free to me)

Serpost service is slow and expensive. A letter to Lima took 3 days (80 miles away) and cost about $1.50. Post cards to the States are almost $2. Many folks send letters and packages via the various bus lines. Again expensive and only terminal to terminal, but MUCH faster. Never, EVER take the USPS for granted again. They do an amazing job for CHEAP.

This morning was last hard work for a while. Holiday parties have started and as a PC Vol, I’m expected to make the rounds. We are semi-celebrities and get lots of invites. I went the party at the Health Post today. Most parties here serve a full meal and cake and goodies. Pantone – a very light fruitcake, which I love – is the traditional Christmas treat. And, of course, HUGE quantities of Inca Kola, the Peruvian national soft drink, which tastes like the Bazooka bubble gum I used to get at the Barber Shop as a kid. Everyone sits on chairs around the outside of the room. Jason was there to say his Good-Byes – he officially retired from the Corps yesterday. I got introduced and made a speech, which surprisingly came out quite well and easily – unaccustomed as I am to speaking in public….. After the meal and speeches, there was some mingling. My hosts took great care to introduce me to every single lady in the room – and repeat several times that each was single. I did manage to get some business done, discussing plans to do classes on HIV/sexuality in the schools and tuberculosis education/mitigation in the community. One of the San Luis annexes, Laura Caller, has a particularly high incidence of the disease.

Strikes are quite common here. The air traffic controllers are out, which has virtually shut down ALL airline service in and out of Peru. Unlike US strikes, which go on until resolved, they tend to fix a time limit in advance. Though the Canete strike went on for 2 days after schedule. The ATC’s are out for two days. There is also a strike going on just south of here in Chincha by the taxi drivers. Neither one affects me like the Canete strike did. And these are more like the normal US strike – over wages and benefits.

Just noticed the motto on the local elementary school – “Discipline and Punctuality” – so much for scholarship. From what I hear, schools here are similar to schools in the US decades ago. Lessons are read from books and repeated back. Everything is rote memorization. Art classes consist of tracing and coloring. Freehand art is not a priority. Attendance and punctuality are. Volunteers who hand out blank pages are met with equally blank stares. Most schools are still sex segregated. On the other hand, I did see  a Montessori school in Canete.

Finally, the calendar says it’s two days before Christmas. But it’s hard to tell here in Peru. There are no trees up and very few lights. No one has mentioned the number of shopping days left. But, there have been parties and good cheer and a quiet peace. Feliz Navidad to ALL.

Crazy for Cocinas - improved cook stoves

Mama Teya is happy with her new stove

Katy & Will joined me to learn about Cocinas and ease my pain

My first stove. Note stains on wall from old stove - left

Construction is sometimes slowed by playing with kids

Another week of hard, but satisfying labor in the beach farming community called Don Oscar. Monday, we set the brick fire-boxes for the two new improved cook-stoves. The mortar was an eclectic mix of ½ adobe mud, ¼ ash and ¼ cow manure. The organics in the manure will burn off, giving more insulation and the ash makes the mix more adhesive, according to the manual. The home owners at one place are jovial, talkative sorts from the mountains. They taught me a few words of Quechua, the Inca language and grilled me about how I could have grandchildren, but no wife. They insisted she must be dead, since divorce is not even in their vocabulary. I sang to one of their little kids (in Spanish) to get him to stop crying, which they found most impressive. I also note that, despite the full sun and heat, the kid was wearing a sweater and full winter cap with ear flaps. These folks must have a different thermostat setting than Gringos. After work, the Peace Corps motto that this is a 24/7 job proved true, as I got drafted by my host buddy Fernando to help him with a job at the cemetery across the street. We were trying to survey a site for a new mausoleum, but either the existing one or the markers on site were wrong, as the measurements just did not align. The new one will just have to be 5cm (2inches) shorter.

Tuesday, we were joined by fellow 18ers Katy and Will and the team completed the adobe structures for two cocinas mejoradas (improved cook stoves), built the chimneys and installed the cook tops we cast last week. One highlight of the day for me was fetching water from the nearby well. Will and I discovered that there is actually quite an art to getting the cast bucket to fill with water. Best practice is to drop the bucket open end down. Otherwise, it just sits on the surface and doesn’t fill. Whodathunk? Katy tried milking a cow with some small success. Only footnote was that there was no water when I got home. Still not sure why. It just happens from time to time. Same with electricity. We take for granted these basic services in the US, but keeping everything running takes work, money and good maintenance – not always available here in Peru or elsewhere in the world.

There is an interesting cleaning tradition here that I should mention. Every morning, first order of business for Fernando, the elder (54) at my host home, is to connect the hose in front of the house and water and sweep BOTH sides of the street in front of the house. The house itself, on the other hand, rarely gets cleaned. The bathroom went for three weeks without cleaning until I did it my self. I’ve never seen him clean his own room and laundry and dishes seem to pile up until something is needed. But, that street in front of the house and both sidewalks always look great. From what I’ve seen in other parts of town, he’s not alone. Go Figger.

I had my first clash with Peruvian culture last Saturday. There was a party next door and wedding reception just down the street. The wedding affair was quite pleasant and tame, but the teenagers next door had some sort of super-woofer bass that literally rattled the windows in my room. About 2am, I got tired of the constant booming and went next door to (very politely) ask if the bass could turned down just a bit. Let’s just say that the response was less than cordial. I was informed that Saturday night is traditionally a night when you can do what you like, for as long as you like and as loud as you like and NO ONE, not the police and certainly not a Gringo can ask you to stop. Everyone I spoke to the next day about it just laughed and confirmed my intuited rule. And the party “only” lasted until 4am, so I guess I should count myself lucky.

The sun screen tarp I installed over my room has attracted some interest. One of the neighbors (not the party family) stopped me and asked what it was for. I explained about the solar gain and how it had lowered the temperature of my room about 10F. They asked about costs and then wanted to know how much I would charge to install it. As a PC volunteer, I’m prohibited from taking money for such services, which earned me a seriously incredulous look. We decided that a nice cake (torta) would be my reward. The lady is a baker and chocolate with fig filling sounded really interesting.   

Most Peace Corps volunteers enjoy a bit of “celebrity” status, as Gringos are uncommon in the smaller, non-touristy towns. I am no exception. After just a couple of weeks here, lots of folks seem to know my name – even some who I could swear I’ve never met. Word travels fast around here. I really appreciate the training that we got and the emphasis on realizing that WHATEVER we do will be scrutinized by the locals. And that they are not only judging me, but my Corps and my country at the same time. An honor and a responsibility I’m proud to bear.

Concrete mixers and ready-mix trucks are rare here. Small batches can be made in a wheelbarrow, but larger mixes are done on the ground. Measurements are all eyeballed, with amazing accuracy. Fernando did two mixes today, both were so close, we had only handfuls of extra concrete. Procedure is to dump gravel on the ground and cement on top. This is turned and formed into a doughnut or collapsed volcano shape. Water is added to the center pit, again with astonishing accuracy, and left to “rest” for about 5 minutes. The sides are then folded into the center and you got damn fine concrete. Quick and easy. Well, not as easy as a ready mix truck. We made slabs for the entrance and exit to the bio-digester which will allow the farmer to mix the “pig shit soup” in a 55 gal drum, rather than the 5 gal buckets. Looks good, so far.

Attended another local water committee (JASS) meeting tonight. This one totally different from the last one, as most everyone pays for their water in the service area. And they get GREAT quality water 7 days a week, though for only 10-12 hours a day. Never again take for granted the OUTSTANDING, 24/7, sanitary water service we get in the States. You can piss and moan about minutia, but it amazingly good service. Though we pay considerably more than the US$ 1.50 a month they pay here.

Thursday was a most excellent day. Jason and I made the final touches to two of the beach cocinas (improved cook stoves) and burned them in. Fire was lit with paper scraps, dry corn stalk for tinder and dried yucca root for fuel. The firebox glowed and we boiled some water. These things do indeed perform as advertised. The small firebox and chimney give a great air-flow – no flame fanning or blowing required. Most importantly, the new proud owners (and some onlooking neighbors) were trained in use and maintenance of the stove. It was a fine feeling for me to see the cocina go from concept and theory in training to actual construction and use. One more family will now be saving wood, breathing less smoke and enjoying the convenience and ergonomics of the improved cook stove. The long walk back to Santa Barbara and combi ride to San Luis was a lot easier and sweeter than usual this day.

Friday, Fernando and I built the fertilizer holding tank and loading port (insert area for “pig shit soup”) for the bio-digester. This will allow the farmer to mix the soup in a 55 gallon drum and dump it, rather than pouring in the 5 gallon buckets as he (and we) have been doing. And will allow him to store the fertilizer for a few days, once the digester is up and running. As usual, the concrete was ALL mixed by hand and the forms were cobbled together from random bits of wood. Boards are like gold around here and the boards vary in thickness and width. What I wouldn’t give for some cheap Home Depot 1x8’s ?  Form boards are all braced with adobe scraps. Looks like crap, but the end result is always surprisingly good. Adobe is the plentiful and VERY cheap building material here. They are manufactured by many one-man operations all along the drainage canals, since their raw material (clay/mud) is dredged out annually to maintain the canal depth. A 40cm x 20cm x 6cm (16x8x2 1/2 ”) brick is about 0.7 cents US. Used abode are lying around all over the beach, thanks to the seismic activity in the area. Problem is that the salty ground and soil moisture will turn the first few layers of adobe back to sand in just a few years, unless they are built on a plastic barrier or 2 ft concrete foundation wall. This accounts for the many skewed walls I see.

I wrote my first official letter (in Spanish, of course) to the municipality, requesting a meeting to go over the current and future projects that we might cooperate on. We’ll see if my Spanish actually passes the test. The good news is that my flowery and sometimes effusive style is just what the jeffes like.

Out to Don Oscar again to remove the form boards and return said precious cargo to Fernando. The daily commute is in a moto-taxi – kind of a rickshaw converted from a motorcycle – since no combis or taxis will brave the rocky road to the beach. I pass fields of corn, yucca, artichoke, camote (sweet potato), grapes and rice. One corn field was just harvested a few days ago. The ears were left in the sun to dry for a couple of days (and guarded at night), then packed into HUGE sacks and hauled to the local grain exchange. The field has already been replanted in corn (crop rotation is not practiced – yet another possible project for me). Green sprouts are visible in the rich and well irrigated soil. Fertilizer is applied by hand ( as are pesticides). A large irrigation canal runs alongside the narrow road and there are many times that a passing truck comes close to forcing the moto-taxi into the ditch, which would pretty well mess up my day. There are also passing donkey carts, which are much more courteous. We pass under the new Pan Am Hwy, which is just like any US Interstate, except for all the people walking along the sides. After that the road gets REALLY rough – teeth chattering rough. I can almost feel every bolt on the moto loosening as we go. The route home is a long walk – usually down the beach to Santa Barbara, the closest place with combi service to San Luis. A large and once magnificent church lies crumbling and tumbling down with each successive earthquake. Many of the beach folk have moved inland to San Luis. Only the poorest live next to the ocean – the exact reverse of the US and most anywhere else.

So, that’s all the news from a VERY productive and TIRING week in San Luis Opisbo de Tolosa de Canete, Peru, my new home town. Where all the men work hard, all the women are short, and all the children watch TV and play games on the internet.

Diving In the Deep End

Finished  ditch for the biodigester - and tired arms

These sweet piggys provide fuel for the biodigester

First complete "losa" top for a Cocina Mejorada

Body of an improved cook stove complete and ready for top

Typical open fire - inside the house

After a security hold in Lima last week due to the strike in Canete, it was jumping back into the deep end of the work pool. Monday, we finished forming and pouring concrete on the biodigestor tank Forming is with odds and ends of scrap wood, wedged and supported or tied in ingenious ways; screening gravel and mixing is all done by hand in the wheelbarrow. When you see the size of the digestor tank, you’ll know how much my arms and back enjoyed the experience. . Cut and installed plastic tubing on the rebar hoops. We also moved materials by wheelbarrow over some extreme rocky roads (so rough, the delivery truck wouldn’t go there) to the two cocinas (improved cook-stoves) sites on micro dairy farms along the beach. Everything is so much harder than it would be in the US, with well stocked hardware stores and good roads and easy transportation.

Tuesday, we set forms and concrete cast two stove tops. Just finding a level area to cast on was a challenge. One was done on leveled ground and the other on a scrap of plywood. Each top is custom made, sized using the family’s two favorite pots, which sit in the molds overnight and cause quite an inconvenience to them. In the future, I plan to use a sheet metal strip which should avoid that. The design and construction of these stoves has undergone many changes and refinements over time, and I plan to add a few twists of my own. It really is one of the great joys for a McGuyver engineer like me. Gravel had to be hand sifted and the nearest good water source was about ¼ mile away, meaning the mix had to be transported twice. The saving grace was the excitement of the families and being about 200 feet from the shore. Wave breaks and salt air just make work seem easier to me.

That night, I went to my first meeting of a town water committee, in the annex of La Quebrada – the town famous for its annual Cat Festival where they eat cat all weekend. The main topic of discussion was that no one wants to pay their water bill  – a whopping US$1.50/month – until Canete installs the promised and highly anticipated new water and sewer lines. This lack of funds has caused the water committee to shorten hours of water service drastically and there was considerable shouting about the poor service. The beleaguered president just kept repeating that if people would pay, he could run the pump longer (DUH). Nothing got resolved , except that the president agreed to check (again) with the town to see when the new system is coming, since construction was supposed to start in October. There are currently no meters or connection valves, so the only way to stop service to the non-payers is to dig up their water line and literally cut it, which is not likely to happen. Any body got any good ideas ??

Wednesday, did two more tops and transported more building block materials to sites and cut plastic and styrofoam insulation for the digestor, so group installation would go smoothly (which it did).
The living condition on these farms is tough. Houses are mostly adobe block, with wood and mud flat roofs, with very few (if any) windows. Most floors are dirt and very lumpy, as the beach rocks seem to work to the surface. Doors are usually just a piece of cloth. There is no running water or sewer. Most houses do have pirated electricity, which is generally used to run a TV ( gotta have priorities). Beds are often just blankets on a raised platform, incredibly dirty and flies are everywhere, as farm animals often get into the house. Cooking is done inside over an open fire, so the walls and ceiling are sooty. This is the reason the improved cook stoves are so needed – they vent the smoke to the outside, as well as reduce the amount of fuel needed. They also eliminate back problems from cooking at ground level to cooking on a waist high surface. Young kids play all around the farmyard, putting whatever in their mouths , drinking saline water that is totally untreated and breathing the equivalent of 12 packs of cigarettes a day. This is in an area 2 miles from where I live in relative luxury – with water (albeit only cold) 24/7, electricity (my family has two flat screen TV’s, a computer, but no fridge) and sewer (even if I have to sit to pee).

Thursday was showtime for the biodigestor. My fellow Peru 18ers Katy, Meredith and Will showed up in force, joined by Dan and the three tech people from the seller’s firm. We got the trench lined with two layers of plastic and 1” Styrofoam insulation and then rolled out the big plastic sausage (5.5 ft diameter x 30 ft long) on a tarp and proceeded to inflate it. This involved plugging the output, drainage and gas taps and attaching another big plastic sleeve to the input tube. Then we caught the sea-breeze to fill the sleeve, quickly closed it and squeezed the air into the sausage. Process was repeated several times until the monster was inflated. After coaxing it into the ditch, the real fun began. We made about 250 gallons of “pig shit soup”, wherein pig pen droppings are broken up into bite-size bits in a slurry and salted to taste. The elixir is then poured into the input tube to begin the anaerobic digestion process that will produce a liquid fertilizer (pig shit is NOT usable as fertilizer) and methane gas for cooking. The final touch was the installation of our custom made hoops to support a greenhouse type cover, which will add heat and protect the bio-digester. Many of the other local farmers stopped by to see the project, and if this pilot unit works as advertised, there may be many more in the area, lowering pollution from pig shit, providing “free” fertilizer and cooking gas. I also gave my compatriots a tour of the eco-bano situation and showed off my custom cook stove tops. The family treated us all to a really fine lunch, the van back to town actually showed up on time, so Will had time to catch a few waves. All in all, an outstanding day.

Maybe I should explain the eco-banos a bit. They are also known as composting toilets. The liquid urine is separated from the solids in a two part toilet bowl. In the Peace Corps design, the pee is stored in a plastic drum until it is diluted with water and used as fertilizer. The British NGO who built the 240 beach units chose to just drain the pee into the ground, which is probably just as well, given the awkward logistics and maintenance of the pee storage. After each use, a handful of ash is thrown in to the accumulating poo pile below. After a few months, the access door below is opened and the pile turns into a beautiful, fluffy, nutrient rich soil amendment. We removed a load from one of the banos and can confirm this.

Problem is that the Brits used cheap metal hinges on the doors and bolts to hold the access door, which quickly rusted solid in the salt air. In addition, urine seems to combine with the ash to form a crystalline plug in the urine tube, which they neatly cast into the concrete slab (why does no one ever consider the poor maintenance man?). My project plan for this is to survey all 240 units, determine why each is not being used, devise fixes, train locals to do the fixes and re-educate about how to use the things. The banos are extremely well built and it seems an absolute shame to waste them. I figure every one rehabbed is like building a new one. (see photos on my FB page)

Another interesting note from the beach area, is the profusion of 20x20ft USAID shelters, which were built as “temporary” housing after the big quake in 2007. These are just frames with woven plastic coverings, but they have held up REALLY well, even in the roasting sun. So well, that few folks have bothered to rebuild adobe houses. Kind of nice to see that USAID logo all around. They give folks here a constant reminder that Americans don’t always show up with guns and drones.

The improved cook stoves are a popular Peace Corps project. Most folks outside of town cook on an open fire trench inside the house. Not only does this provide the equivalent of 12 packs a day of smoke particulates to every family member, it coats the ceiling with soot and grease. If a flame ever makes it to that ceiling, it would combust instantly. In addition, huge amounts of heat are wasted, as the fire burns outside of the pot bottom and the cook has to work bent over.
The German design that we are using (see photos on my FB page) uses a small, closed burn chamber with grate to burn wood (or corn stalks or yucca stalks) very efficiently. The heat then flows past two pots, which are set into custom sized holes in the chamber top (thus the custom nature of each unit) and out a sheet metal chimney stack. The result is that the family can use less than ½ the fuel, with virtually no smoke or soot, at a comfortable working level. After learning the craft, my project plan is to train local masons, who will be able to build the units for about US$40 each.


You may notice that, while I will be doing some of the work, my main goal is to set up a system that will continue to operate after I’m gone. Peace Corps policy (with which I completely agree) is SUSTAINABILTY. It’s the old “Feed a man a fish or teach him to fish” paradigm.

Friday was a “light” day, hauling wheel-barrows full of building supplies to the various construction sites along the beach and suspending a tarp over my room to give some shade to relieve the afternoon (totally un-insulated) ceiling heat in my room. Another fine example of McGuyver field engineering, if I do say so.


Saturday, I made the 3 hour bus trip to attend the monthly regional PC meeting. It was great to see  my homies from Peru 18 training and enjoy some outstanding chicharones (roast pork) and say Adios to the departing volunteers.

There is a speech in the remake of Fame that goes something like : “Success is not about power or money or fame. It’s about waking up every morning so excited about the day that you fly out the door. And going to bed every night, knowing you did the best you could and that you maybe helped some people and made the world a better place.” Just about how I feel. Every day.

Hiccup in First Week

My work station is up and running

The bed is small and simple - 3" foam mattress

A hanging closet

This metal panel reflects the WiFi signal for computer

File this last week under “interesting”. It started out well, settling in on Monday and doing some final form, grading and concrete work on the biodigestor at the beach on Tuesday. It’s nice using the eco-toilet on site after doing repairs on it a few weeks ago. In fact, that’s something I’ve always enjoyed about maintenance/repair work – I get a little victory dance when the job is done and again (and again) every time I pass by a repair. It looks like an outhouse, but there is no funky/pissy odor, just the faint fragrance of kerosene.

Wednesday, I went in to Lima for a dental appointment, which took all of 15 minutes, but when I got back to the bus terminal, I discovered that all service south had been suspended, being as the Pan American had been blocked by protestors. So, I returned to Peace Corps offices to wait. And wait. And wait some more. Finally Security said to stay in Lima for the night. So, I enjoyed a night of hot water in the very nice area of Lima called Monterico. This area is a little like the other area where the rich folk live in Miraflores, except it is more like suburbia, with a car or two in every garage – lots of SUV’s, BMWs, Mercedes and Volvos. I also visited the huge shopping mall called Jockey Plaza. The place was like a time/space warp back to the states, with Ace hardware, Izod, Gucci, etc well represented, along with Subway, Pizza Hut, Longhorn steakhouse and (gasp) TGIFriday.

I spent the next day back at the Center, enjoying HIV presentations (it was World AIDS Day) and watching the Peru 16 Environmental crew present on their accomplishments over the last year. I was also able to pick up my new Official PC vest, water test kit and some mail. The 16ers led me to a sweet “menu” spot for lunch and I had a wonderful afternoon chat with Kathleen Hickey, our training leader and one of the kindest, caring and thoughtful ladies on this planet. She grew up in Peru, so her insights are precious.

But the strike “wore on”, as Elwood Dowd would say. In fact, it got worse. The protestors had originally just blocked the road with big rocks and old cars. But at some point, they started throwing rocks at the parked busses and the police, which neither appreciated. One man was wounded, which only escalated the violence. Many were clubbed and pepper-sprayed. Tires on some of parked cars were set on fire, which in turned caused gas tanks to explode, creating a scene of considerable chaos.

The next day , I visited the Callao area of Lima, near the port. Always a high for me to smell salt air and see boats. I toured the Naval Museum and walked through a WWII style diesel submarine. Unlike the nuclear ships, which can remain submerged virtually indefinitely, these subs basically were surface ships, which could submerge for only a few hours. While I was having such a pleasant afternoon, two protestors were killed by the police and a power transformer was destroyed, which left most of San Luis in the dark. Just as well I wasn’t there.

The main point of the protest was to stop the construction of a new prison in the Canete area. The folks around here are simply not interested in the construction and guard jobs it would create, nor in housing or feeding the prison visitors. They do not want “outsiders” coming in and want to keep their little town just the way it is. Secondarily, they wanted the national government to end a boundary dispute with the adjacent district of Chincha. Over 250 years ago, Chincha ceded a strip of land to Canete, on which now sits a new natural gas depot/plant. Chincha wants the land – or more accurately the taxes on the plant – back. Lastly, the good folk of Canete wanted the provincial capital moved from some smaller town at the north end of the province to the larger Canete.

They called the action a “strike”, but it was not really a work stoppage, but a traffic stoppage. This seems to be the preferred form of protest here. It is most always done on the Pan American, which is the ONLY north-south route along the coast. When the Pan Am was blocked in Canete, ALL transportation to the ENTIRE south half of Peru, Chile and Bolivia was halted, inconveniencing hundreds of thousands of folks and hurting the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. It seems an illogical form of protest to me, but it works for Peruvians. In fact, on Saturday, the government cancelled the prison project and said it would “investigate” the boundary issue. This satisfied the protestors (many of whom were said to be outside agitators) and everyone went home and the policia and highway authorities cleaned up the mess. There was a mountain of backlogged freight packages and boxes to clear, not to mentioned the crowd of waiting passengers, so I came home Sunday AM, in total tranquility.